They don't show up in the U.S. census of 1870,nor in that
year's directory of the City of Chicago. But since 1871, there has
been a continuing presence of Breitsprecher in Chicago. By 1871,
Chicago was experiencing exceptional growth, so the Mayer asked the
Edwards Directory of Chicago to do a detailed canvas. The directory
listed a Breitsprecher, William, a baker who rented a place at 27 Cornell
in the 15th Ward with 2 males and 1 female, total 3, born in Germany.
Chicago of 1871 would be a good place for the Breitsprecher's
to put down roots. There was already a large, established German
population. The growing city could definitely put a skilled worker
to good use keeping itself fed
Cornell Street no longer exists on Chicago's north side.
In 1871, it was a small street about a quarter of a mile west from the
north branch of the Chicago River; intersecting Milwaukee Avenue and
running just a few blocks west. It had mixed residences and
businesses, outside of the central business district, but still densely
populated and bustling.
On the evening of October 9 of that year, life in Chicago
became exceedingly frantic, for a fire southwest of the city center jumped
the south branch of the Chicago River, swept through the central business
district, and then jumped the river again t spread north.
Luckily, the north branch of the Chicago River kept the fire from
spreading west, or the Breitsprecher's life in the New World could have
been very short.
The family continues to live in the same neighborhood
during the rebuilding of the city, although their address changes
often. In 1880, Edward shows up in the city directory as a clerk
working just a few doors away from he family home. It is interesting
to note that these city directories were published for business use, very
expensive ($50 in 1910) and only listing businesses, working people
categorizing their profession, and widows. Although those directories
often list business addresses as well as the residential address, there is
never a specific business address listed for where William bakes (maybe he
baked breads in the home?).
For the first time, the Breitsprecher's also show up in
the Federal Census. In the census, William, Louisa, and Edward are
listed as being born in Russia. William and Louisa's fathers are
listed as being Prussian and their mothers, Russian. The city has
grown to over half a million people. From the Chicago fire to WWI,
the city's population growth exceeds any seen in the history of the
world. By 1890, Chicago is over a million strong, surpassing
Philadelphia as the second largest city in the United States. By the
time Dad is born, Chicago's population exceeds 3 million.
By the early 1880's, the neighborhood that the Breitsprecher's
were living in would have been swallowed by developing, planned central
manufacturing district and spread out along the north and south branches
of the river. The city was becoming more congested, noisy, industrialized,
and polluted.
to counter this, the city reversed the flow of the Chicago
and Calumet rivers to drain from the fresh water source, Lake
Michigan. The city also raised the street grid so a "municipal
sewer system" could be installed. In some older neighborhoods,
you can still see front yard and doorways below street level.
The city also developed a ring of large, open spaces with
formal gardens and man-mad lagoons to break up the dense residential
development that was growing up around the central manufacturing
district. It was by one of these, Humboldt Park, that the family now
moves.
The records of this period don't seem consistent.
Sometimes, the city directories don't list the Breitsprecher's and the
street numbering system isn't standardized yet. Their residential
address seems to jump around quite q bit. Except for the 1880
listing with Edward as a clerk when he is 15 years old; when he shows up
in the directories in the 1880's, he is a baker. He is always listed
at the same address. In 1889, and Ernest R. Breitsprecher is listed boarding
with William. There are no Federal Census listings for 1890 and
1900, they were destroyed in a fire.